Birth Control in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Birth Control in Schools - Essay Example The lack of opportunity and greater disorganization in some minority communities in this country, teens in schools with higher percentages of minority students are also more likely to have higher pregnancy rates than teens in schools with lower percentages of minority(Manlove, 1998).. Students in these studies, it is often difficult to distinguish the impact of school character from the impact of the community characteristics in which they reside. Social scientists and educators have suggested a wide variety of explanations for how schools reduce sexual risk-taking behavior. Some of their explanations have observed research supporting them, while others are credible, but lack supporting research. For example, educators concerned with adolescent sexual behavior have suggested that: 2. Schools increase interaction with and attachment to adults who discourage risk-taking behavior of any kind (e.g., substance use, sexual risk-taking, or accident-producing behavior). More generally, they create an environment which discourages risk-taking. 3. Schools affect selection of friends and larger peer groups that are important to them. Because peer norms about sex and contraception significantly influence teens' behavior, this impact on schools may be substantial. However, just how schools affect selection of friends and peers is not clearly understood.4. Schools can increase belief in the future and help youth plan for higher education and careers. Such planning may increase the motivation to avoid early childbearing. As noted above, multiple studies demonstrate that educational and career aspiration are related to use of contraception, pregnancy, and childbearing.5. Schools can increase students' self-esteem, sense of competence, communication and refusal skills. These skills may help students avoid unprotected sex. Despite the growing strength of the abstinence movement across the country, large majorities of adults favor SEX and AIDS education that includes discussions of condoms and contraceptives. For example, a 1998 poll of American adults found that 87% thought birth control should be covered (Rose & Gallup, 41-53), a 1998 poll found that 90% of adults thought condoms should be covered (Haffner & Wagoner, 22-23)and another 1999 poll found that 82% of adults believed all aspects of sex education including birth control and safer sex should be taught . (Hoff, Greene, McIntosh, Rawlings, & D'Amico, 2000). Given both the need for effective educational programs and public support for such programs, schools have responded. According to a 1999 national survey of school teachers in grades 7 to 12, about 93% of their schools offered sexuality or HIV education (Darroch, Landry, & Singh, 204-211, 265). Of those schools teaching any topics in sexuality education, between 85% and 100% included instruction on consequences of teenage parenthood, STD, HIV/AIDS, abstinence, and ways to resist peer

British Imperialism in Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

British Imperialism in Africa - Research Paper Example Despite control over few regions of Africa, British imperialism had long lasting effects that contribute to bring change in various sectors of the African regions including social, economical, cultural, and political. In this paper, we shall discuss the role of British imperialism in Africa from 1870 to 1900 and its socio-cultural impact on African colonies. British Imperialism in Africa Historical records witness British Imperialism in Africa from 1870 to 1900 which resulted in division of Africa into seven major regions of Europe. It is found that many western powers intended to establish their rule in African regions; similarly, between 1870 and 1990, Great Britain showed efforts to consolidate its foothold on the African coast in order to expand their rule over the continent of Africa1. The British rule mainly focused on regions which open gate for profitable trade and marketing and contributed to further strengthen their economy. It is noteworthy that during 1869 to 1870 the Bri tish rule was focusing on profitable trade and market, but it stepped forward towards Africa which is not a financially strong region. Additionally, Africa had various conflicting issues within its state boundaries, but still the British Empire attempted to invade its major parts2. ... wed the British to take control over their West coast for palm oil because the native politicians were aware of the fact that they cannot avail their own natural resource without the British support4. Another reason behind expansion of England and interest of Britain in the African lands was its biggest money generator, India. In 1875, British intended to make their route towards India in order to do so it bought shares in Suez Canal of Egypt and after the battles of Tel el Kabir and the Nile, British gained entire control over Egypt, a major power of Africa5. Further in 1877, again British had fear of losing India thus they made a way by invading South Africa because Cape Town was an important route towards India6. In South Africa there were two threatening groups for the British Empire Bores and Zulus. In 1879, British power was defeated by Bores and after two decades they went for War with Zulus in 1899 because they badly wanted to save their route to India7. It has also been noti ced that gaining profit through trade was the major aim of the British Imperialism in Africa and addition of colonies can only bring more profit to them. Furthermore, British considered that African colonies would help them gain allies and aid them in winning economic war they had with Germany8. Moreover, in 1898 a war started between France and Britain over small colonies near Niger River and consequently Britain captured Khartoum. Until 1900, the British Imperialism got over many colonies of Africa and by the end of Imperialism Africa was divided into seven European regions. The division and strong influence of the British Imperialism in Africa had affected social and cultural aspects of the European communities9. Social and Cultural Impact on Africa British Imperialism left destructive